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In order to improve the ignition capacity and burning rate for spark-ignited engines, pre-chamber jet ignition is a promising technique to achieve fast premixed combustion and low pollutant emissions. However, few studies focus on the interaction between multiple reacting (i.e. flamelet) or reacted (i.e. radical) jets, its effect on ignition, exotherm and flow behaviors also remain to be revealed. This paper investigated two types of jet interaction under different pre-chamber structures, including the jet-crossing and unequal nozzle designs. Optical experiments under different conditions were conducted in a constant volume combustion chamber with CH4 as fuel, using simultaneous high speed schlieren and OH* chemiluminescence method. Meanwhile, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with CH4 and NH3/CH4 blend fuels were carried out using Converge software to provide further insights of turbulent flow and ignition process.

The development of intelligent transportation improves road efficiency, reduces automobile energy consumption, and improves driving safety. The core of intelligent transportation is the two-way information interaction between vehicles and the road environment. At present, road environmental information can flow to the vehicle, while the vehicle’s information rarely flows to the outside world. The electronic throttle and electronic braking systems of some vehicles use sensors to get the state of the accelerator and brake pedal, which can be transmitted to the outside environment through technologies such as the Internet of Vehicles. But the Internet of Vehicles technology has not been widely used, and it relies on signal sources, which is a passive way of information acquisition. In this paper, an active identification method is proposed to get the vehicle pedal on-off state as well as the driver’s operation behavior through existing traffic facilities.